The Work of Leonardo da Vinci Essays -- essays research papers

Grasping the full understanding of science and perfection in creative art are the two ultimate goals that mankind had been striving for ever since these two aspects became an important part of society. Many had aimed for it but none succeeded. Most of those who attempted to obtain this Holy Grail failed but some were able to conquer many fields. Leonardo da Vinci is a perfect example of those â€Å"Universal Geniuses.† Leonardo was one of the few who achieved major success in both art and sciences including portrait painting, conceptual engineering, anatomy, and many more. Leonardo was born in 1452 in the village of Vinci near Florence, Italy. With him being born into a family of highly respected lawyers, it is said that Leonardo inherited his intelligence from his father, Ser Pierro da Vinci. Despite the family traditions, Leonardo grew up to be an apprentice of an artist named Andrea del Verrocchio. It was here that the young man developed his talent and soon surpassed his own mentor. He created new styles of painting that were so revolutionary that there was a rumor whic...

The Hovey And Beard Company Case

Most workplaces today are becoming increasingly diverse as people of different genders, races, cultures, ethnic origins, and lifestyles find themselves working together. As a result, the workplace is becoming increasingly multicultural. Some organizations are just now encountering the effects of a diverse workforce, while others are trying to overcome the challenges created by diversity. However, no matter where an organization is in this development, the challenge is to ensure that its workforce's diversity is a source of strength, not one of conflict.Effectively managing this diversity, then, is a critical component of success for today's employer. This is the reason many employers are offered or offer cultural diversity training and conflict management training. Diversity is a business reaction to the fast cultural and sociological events and changes. Differences in personal work style, skills or talents, education, and geographical location are examples of other diversity dimensi ons that make a difference in how we work together as a corporate team. When managed effectively, these differences broaden organizational capability.Management and Diversity Understanding Diversity In order for management to make diversity work, managers must first understand the definition of diversity. Most simply explained, diversity encompasses all of the ways in which individuals are both similar and different. According to Lee Gardenswartz, â€Å"Diversity involves variations in factors we control as well as those over which we have no choice. These factors give us areas of commonality through which we can connect with others and aspects of difference from which we can learn† (p.24).These same factors also represent areas of trouble where conflict may develop. Today, cultural diversity is a business reality. The ability to build bridges between people from different countries, with different ethnic backgrounds, is as important as any other business function. Working in a culturally and ethically diverse organization does not mean eliminating differences in styles and approach, but celebrating those differences and revealing the much strength that diversity brings to an organization.â€Å"Today diversity refers to far more than skin color and gender, it is a broad term used to refer to all kinds of differences, these differences include religious affiliation, age, disability status, military experience, sexual orientation, economic class, educational level, and lifestyle in addition to gender, race, ethnicity, and nationality, (as cited in Bateman & Snell, 2007, p. 398). There is a multitude of ways in which humans are both alike and different. Some of these differences have an impressive effect on our opportunities and experiences, while others have relatively little impact at all.Diversity can be seen as â€Å"four concentric circles,† at the center of which is personality (Gardenswartz 24). Personality is a distinctive aspect that gives each person his or her own particular style. This core aspect pierces all other layers. Beyond the central core of personality are the six internal dimensions of diversity. These are aspects over which people have little or no control. They include gender, age, sexual orientation, ethnicity, physical ability, and race. In addition to internal dimensions, external influences such as social factors and life experiences also have an impact on how people are treated at work.Some examples of these external influences include: where an individual grew up or lives now, whether they are married or have children, how their religious affiliation guides them and the amount and type of education they have. Finally, the fourth layer encompasses organizational influences related to factors such as seniority, the kind of work an individual does, their level within the company, and their work location. All of these layers together form one's own diversity filter.The human resource approach focuses on the relationship between people and the organization, and recognizes that cultural diversity includes every employee. It must be understood that people are the most important resource in an organization. The challenge is to successfully apply skills, insight, energy, and commitment to make an organization better. Another challenge that must be met by many organizations is to design ways for employees to expand their individual comfort zones. Once diversity is accepted as an organizational value, new assumptions about its positive benefits surface.As cultural awareness builds and the culture changes, conflict is viewed as part of the change process. Diversity Related Attitudes. An employee attitude of acceptance of culturally different people is taught to individuals from the time that they are children. For the most part attitudes are learned from other people. Though it is hard to accept that the attitude a group has was invented, one person generally creates this attitude. An individual's attitude tends to be the same as his or her relatives, co-workers, and friends. Attitudes are also learned from people who have high or low prestige.Then once these attitudes have been learned, they are reinforced. The problem is, figuring out how to change an individual's attitude. Management must learn how to change employee attitudes against great resistance. Employees will resist any kind of change if the plans for the changes are not clear. People want to know exactly what is going to happen. Each employee will see different meanings in the proposed changes; they see what they want to see. This means that women and minorities will be seeing job opportunities while white males see reverse discrimination.In order to implement change management needs to learn to recognize the different types of resistance that may occur within the organization and know how to handle the situation. Organizational Barriers to Diversity There are numerous concerns that establish strong b arriers to moving forward with diversity. The cost to implement the necessary changes to be made is one major cause of resistance. Management must be convinced that though the short-term costs may be high, the long-term benefits are worth it. There is a fear of hiring unskilled, uneducated employees.The question to be answered here is whether the investment is too big, will the employees stay and will they be able to do the job? Organizations have been pulled toward affirmative action as a way to make the work force equal, but the perception still exists that any affirmative action candidate is someone chosen merely to fill a position. This person is not hired because she may happen to be the best candidate for the job. Management needs to also be aware of reverse discrimination, because one person's gain can be perceived to be another person's loss.Finally many people do not see the need for diversity. They do not view diversity as a top priority issue and that is why it is managem ent's job to embrace this issue and help employees understand it. If management wants to create a more open and responsive organization, all of these barriers need to be identified, acknowledged, dealt with, and overcome. Embracing Diversity. Embracing diversity is about creating a new organizational framework. Management understands that the way to do this is by creating an inclusive environment at work.Inclusivity implies complete openness, an environment that greets any person who can do the job, regardless of race, age, gender, sexual orientation, religion, ethnicity, or physical ability. In order for organizations to achieve a more open culture they need to welcome and accept employees for their different lifestyles. Every segment of the population needs to be represented in the executive suite. Each group attending a meeting should have ample time to speak and express their views. Groups need to be diversified and discourage slander.Interaction between cultures is a source of knowledge, growth, and progress. Many organizations find that the biggest benefit from a diverse work force is problem solving. When cultures meet, there is increased creativity and all around better results. An organization's ability to make corrections and change directions will determine if they will survive. An inclusive environment accepts people as they are. That doe’s not mean feedback is not given, it merely means that each person is accepted for who he or she is and is valued for the talent they bring to the task at hand.Employees rarely produce their best work when they have to fit into someone else's mold. This will also minimize resistance and maximize commitment. Helping Employees Adjust to Change Commitment to becoming an organization that embraces diversity requires going from a monoculture to a multicultural organization. Expect the changes to be unsettling, the organization is in a transition of what it is and what it is trying to become. Management needs to help employees understand why these changes are as important to not only the company as a whole but also to them as employees.It is also important to set measurable criteria so employees can recognize when a change has been successful. Employees want to know that something better awaits them and it is management's job to show them that by supporting these changes everybody will benefit. Training is necessary for all individuals in an organization especially in the area of how to deal with intercultural conflict. There are changes visible today that were not there several years ago and the same goes for the future of every organization. Teaching New Employees the Ropes New employees will go through five stages when first entering into a new organization.The first stage is rejection and resistance. People instinctively protect themselves against what is new and different. Managers must learn to understand and accept initial rejection and resistance and refrain from pushing employees b eyond their fears. Stage two involves isolation or withdrawal. People have more similarities than differences; therefore, it is important for management to structure opportunities that will bring people together. In the third stage individuals are beginning to assimilate and adjust to the norms of the organization.It is sometimes hard for new employees to recognize what to adapt to. This is the time for management to create a buddy system or a crash course on how things work in this organization. It is in the fourth stage of coexistence that new employees find ways to exist within the dominant culture of the organization without sacrificing themselves. It is important for the company to find a way of portraying the message that it is okay to be different. The fifth and final stage of this process is integration. The new employee is no longer the odd person out, but a regular member of the team.Here is where management needs to continue to emphasize a need for respect of differences, both organizationally and individually (Gardenswartz 287-288). Celebrating Diversity Managing diversity is an organizational process by which human resources are identified, allocated, and expanded in ways that make them more efficient. Successful diversity initiatives allow an organization to improve its productivity. Another basic objective is to create self-renewing, self-correcting systems of employees who learn to organize themselves in various ways according to the nature of their tasks and their cultural perspectives.In order to be very effective, a diversity initiative must be planned organization wide, and coordinated from the top through planned activities and interventions. It must be understood that working with culturally different people, is not always easy. Nor is it always understood and appreciated by employees. There will be failures. But, managing diversity is good human relations and it is good business. During this time of transition it is important for manager s and supervisors, as well as their subordinates, to remember that progress has been made. Making Diversity WorkDiversity is about acknowledging one's own reactions to differentness and the discomfort it causes. Dealing with diversity is about taking a look at why holidays, practices, values, or languages different from the norm trigger feelings of threat that build walls between people. People who accept themselves are less threatened by those who are different. Every change has both positives and negatives attached to it. If employees do not get beyond their fears, they will not get beyond the resistance to change, and diversity efforts will continue to be spoiled.All people have patterns of behavior that have become involuntary and routine over the years. Confronting diversity shakes up these habits because many old behaviors no longer work in the new organizational environment. People need to go beyond ethnocentrism and recognize and accept individuals for their differences. It is important to emphasize the similarities we share in order to create a pleasant work environment. Managers need to remember that values should be demonstrated through actions, not words. It is very easy to say you value diversity but it is another thing to put your words into action (Gardenswartz 520).After all, diversity includes everyone. What do we have to do to create and foster a workplace climate where everyone feels welcomed, valued, and respected? This is a central question in the diversity research I have held. The response centers on becoming more aware that each individual's behavior towards others contributes to the climate or atmosphere. The most common reason offered for why more attention is not paid to these issues is that â€Å"we're too busy. † To implement a successful diversity program, however, these three practices–welcoming, valuing, and respecting–must receive regular and deliberate attention.Welcoming we usually think of welcoming as s omething that happens when an individual first joins an organization. People need to feel welcomed regularly throughout their employment. Almost everyone wants to be recognized by others and to know that their presence is important to the organization. Co-workers feel connected when their presence is acknowledged on a regular basis. It is easy to speak only with certain people, those we consider our friends or those with whom we work most closely. Speaking to those we pass in the hall or as we pass by their desk can help others feel welcome.It is easy to assume that once we've been here awhile, we no longer need to greet each other regularly. In these busy times, how often do leaders in the organization walk through the library speaking to staff? We need to avoid coming to others only to resolve problems, or to request or pass on information. Employees need to know that people in leadership positions are aware of the work of each unit, recognize that people are working hard, and car e about the employees' well-being. Activities where staffs meet and talk outside of their own units is another way to encourage interaction and sharing.Usually such activities are held only once or twice per year; employees often interact only within their immediate department or division most other times. Focusing on how to make others feel welcome can help to address other issues, such as classism (support staff interacting separately from librarians) or cliques (certain people only talking to certain others). Ignoring barriers that create divisions will not enhance efforts to foster a workplace supportive of a diverse staff. Valuing how do co-workers demonstrate that a colleague's contributions are valued?It requires an awareness and knowledge of the roles and responsibilities of others. We must seek examples of work being implemented or services being used. We must take time let individuals or units know that we have noticed and are appreciative of their work. Valuing requires u s to take an interest in others: their activities, work, and progress. We need to act on what we learn by engaging others about their work. We must listen and respond when colleagues share their progress; this includes offer encouragement when we see colleagues experiencing challenges in their efforts.Valuing is demonstrating to others that their presence and contributions are noticed, make a difference, and matter in the organization. Rewards or recognition must have meaning to those to whom it is given. A certificate may be less effective than sharing a break with someone to discuss their work and their contributions; a salary increase may have more impact if someone in a leadership role shares how much the contributions have helped the organization accomplish its goals. Respecting In the context of diversity, respecting is finding ways to demonstrate our regard for the quality of work and the contributions of others.Asking co-worker questions about their work, or offering observa tions about what is most impressive in their project is a good way to show clearly that we respect another's skills and talents. Showing an interest in another's projects, being aware of their personal work goals, or just knowing that a co-worker attended a seminar, all provide opportunities for dialogue and exchange. Supervisors often expect employees to come to their offices or to make appointments to talk about their work; many employees will avoid such meetings because they do not wish to give the appearance of a problem.What employees often are seeking is acknowledgment that their supervisor is aware of their work, and cares enough to ask how things are developing. This means senior administrators may need to talk directly to staff, otherwise they will not know that leadership has noticed or cares. Some administrators send messages through supervisors, when a direct note, phone call, or email would have a much more positive effect on self-esteem and a sense of personal accompli shment.While these three factors–welcoming, valuing, and respecting–must be applied to the entire staff, they are especially important if the organization plans to successfully retain minorities in the workplace. It is challenging to be the only one, or one of few in a minority group. Those in the majority group must make a conscientious effort, on a regular basis, to ensure that minorities are aware and truly believe that their presence and contribution as an employee matters. Workplace diversity is a multi-faceted concept that continues to evolve as more industries move toward a global marketplace.Most people hold the belief that every human being is of equal worth, entitled to the same privileges and opportunities, without regard to race, gender, disability or age. This fundamental belief has led to changes in management practices primarily relating to the recruitment, training and retention of employees who reflect the changing face of the American workforce. In or der to understand the necessities and benefits of managing workplace diversification, the concept must be fully explored. What is diversity? Can it really be managed?In the broadest sense, the management of diversity is a business's reaction to rapid cultural and sociological changes. Internally, diversity management means providing a climate where all employees feel that they are valued by and contributing to an organization. Externally, it means that organizations are flexible and astute about changes occurring in world markets. The hard truth, however, is that inequalities exist for employees within organizations due to stereotyping and preconceived ideas about a person based on race, gender, religious or cultural origins, age, physical ormental limitations, and more. Racism, sexism, homophobia, etc. cannot be managed away. It is precisely these beliefs and perceptions that necessitate managing diversity at all. Managing diversity is not affirmative action. Affirmative action and the language of equal opportunity came as a political response to the social outcry over the racial and social injustices that limited equal access to the workplace. One of the problems with affirmative action is that it began to be perceived as a public relations scheme more concerned about quotas than about individuals.Managing diversity strives to ensure that when an individual is hired, they should be able to trust that they have been chosen because of their unique qualifications, not because of gender or ethnicity. We have moved from a use of words like fairness, inequality, and injustice toward terms such as ethnic diversity, political correctness, and cultural consciousness. Have we changed our perceptions of the problems of workplace inequality or just the way we describe it? Diversity consciousness cannot be simply mandated into a system, integrated into a corporate culture, or prompted by financial incentives.It is reflective of an attitude that organizations and their st affs must adopt that allows them to change their basic concepts about workers and converts â€Å"them† into â€Å"us†. In addition, Multiculturalism is the Work Place In this millennium, diversity in society has increased rapidly; however it is the belief of many people that some aspects of the work place are still struggling when asked to look into this issue. On the other hand, there are many organizations beginning to accept and value the importance of diversity.I believe both employers and employees should reflect on diversity of cultural prospective, age, gender, ethnic background, and levels of education. Every company should focus on diversity development due to an increasing minority and immigrant population that is positioning itself to assume the roles of the traditional workforce. As the demographic shift accelerates, race relations will continue to grow in importance. Bearing in mind, the inclusion of a more ethnically diverse staff requires a new workforce philosophy.It is my belief that every organization should be held accountable for not focusing on a diversified labor force and not taking advantage of the strength that come as a result of a diversified labor force. In order to obtain effective results one should understand what diversity is, and how it affects the mechanic of an organization. Once this is established, the next step would be to learn how to manage diversity in the workplace and what kind of environment managers would have to create in their company to educate employees about cultural diversity.Diversity in the work place is perhaps the most important issue we need to address because ignoring it can have lasting effects on the success of businesses. Research suggests, the key to successfully building a diverse, high-quality workforce for tomorrow begins with a strong leadership commitment and knowledge of where industries stand today. Ensuring strong commitment to a diversity program is essential. This includes the critical components of top-level leadership support and the commitment of necessary resources to make new initiatives a reality.A successful diversity program needs a close continuing partnership between human resources and Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO). Companies should focus on communication strategies and diversity training for managers, supervisors, and employees. Companies should provide training to all staff and mangers about practical ways to make a diverse workforce for the entire company. This may include such subjects as the value of understanding differences and cross-cultural communication.They might also provide cultural awareness, the ability to initiate and manage cultural change within the organization to impact organizational effectiveness. Companies could also sponsor special observances to help educate the general workforce about the contributions of diverse work groups and/or help eliminate some of the stereotypes that serve as impediments to full employmen t value. This will allow groups to value cultural diversity and other differences; fostering an environment in which people that is culturally diverse can work together in achieving organizational goals.Other perspectives showed Therefore, the organization can benefit itself by understanding what cultural diversity is, why it matters, and how to effectively manage your businesses diversity. I strongly believe that diversity works. I speak in those terms as I experience the beauty of diversity daily. Diversity is the new culture of today's society. Not only do you get to work to achieve company goals, but you also gain knowledge about other cultures. You begin to understand, value, and respect what is different about yourself from others.Cultural diversity should matter to everyone personally and professionally. Companies should focus on both sides. Society should be able to understand that the impact that diversity has on a company and the global market is highly important. Society should learn what is in it for them as an employee as well as for the company as a whole. Diversity is beneficial in always and simply makes sense. For our businesses and communities do not survive, but thrive on the differences in cultures. Our communities are rich with resources. When segments are respected and utilized, it benefits us all.

The Religious Situation During The Post Quiet Revolution

The religious situation in the post-Quiet Revolution (Rà ©volution tranquille) Quà ©bec has evolved into a complex social debate where some adherents consider religion a necessity for our public institutions, whereas some detractors threat it as a taboo subject that one should keep part of his/her private life. The overcoming of the Duplessis’ Great Darkness (Grande Noirceur) reign was echoed by major political and social changes where the clerical-dominated State was questioned and ultimately democratically overthrown. These changes left the province into an ongoing secularization of its institutions and the authorities would, decades later, abolish the formal instruction of religion in the school system. As far as my personal experiences go, I would truly like to assert that religion does not have any impingement on my present life. However, I realize that it is easy to overlook certain facts and enter in a mere denial state where the reality is not accurately portraye d as the actual truth. Even though some people would be tempted to immediately disassociate themselves from any religion, they would first need to consider the historical baggage that a religion carries and the influence it has on their own culture. I was obviously not born before the Duplessis era. Therefore, I did not personally experience the uncompromising religious practices of that period. However, I was lucky enough to have parents and grandparents that were alive to give me a detailed portraitShow MoreRelatedThe Iranian Revolution3901 Words   |  16 PagesThe Iranian Revolution Iran is a country located in the Middle East. The main source of income for the country is oil, the one object that had greatly influenced its history. Iran s present government is run as an Islamic Republic. 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But it wasn’t until 1826, the year the â€Å"Jew Bill† was passed, and the begging of Wave 3 that Jews in Read MoreA Day On My Own Path Toward A Successful Future3475 Words   |  14 Pagessuccessful future, I was simultaneously witnessing people who had their unfortunate fate already written--the untouchables and the homeless. One morning before the rickshaw arrived to take me to school, a riot broke out in my colony between two religious divisions, Hindus and Muslims. I remember chaos in the entire neighborhood and people running everywhere, trying to find safety. 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Although there s much consensus that the Middle East will be greatly impacted if the Israel-Palestine issue is resolved, there s also the belief that such aRead MoreComparative Stylistic Analysis of a Poem3580 Words   |  15 Pages            After taking his degrees with distinction (B.A. in 1613 and M.A. in 1616), Herbert was elected a major fellow of Trinity, in 1618 he was appointed Reader in Rhetoric at  Cambridge, and in 1620 he was elected public orator (to 1628). It was a post carrying dignity and even some authority: its incumbent was called on to express, in the florid Latin of the day, the sentiments of the university on public occasions.1  In 1624 and 1625 Herbert was elected to represent Montgomery in Parliament. InRead MoreWhy Do They Hate Us? Essay examples1927 Words   |  8 PagesInitial reactions to this question are why does it matter, th eyve attacked us and we must retaliate? 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Although the three plays falls in the post colonial era; portraying and examining the effect of colonization, but at the same time it give s an insight into the pre colonial and colonial scenario as it is not possible to talk about the post colonial era without firstRead MoreThe Invention Of Printing Press3662 Words   |  15 Pagescaused him to post the 95 theses, an article accusing the Christian church. Martin Luther and Menocchio has many similarities because they are both from a not so poor peasant class, and they also had education-but of course, Martin Luther had a higher education since he even went to a university-and they also lived among the early modern ages.But, if they had so much similarities, why was Menocchio considered as a heresiarch while Martin Luther was considered as a religious revolution in the christianRead More Vittorio de Sicas The Bicycle Thief Essay3286 Words   |  14 Pagesas masterpieces of world cinema. 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By all means, such a small committee seems to be a great insult, given the population of Hong Kong stands at more than 7 million people (as of end of 2013), and in obvious discrimination of the rest of the society

Simple Décrire Verb Conjugations in French

In French, to say to describe, you must use the verb  dà ©crire. Admittedly, conjugating this verb to mean described or will describe is not the easiest thing to do. However, a quick lesson and some dedicated practice will help you memorize this tricky verb. Conjugating the French Verb  Dà ©crire Dà ©crire  is an  irregular verb, so it does not follow one of the common verb conjugation patterns found in French. Yet, all  French verbs ending in  -crire  are conjugated this way. You might consider studying a few at the same time to make learning each just a little easier. Conjugations transform the verb into the present, future, or past tense so the sentence makes sense. This is done by identifying the verb stem — in this case,  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹dà ©cri- — then adding the appropriate infinitive ending for the subject pronoun. For instance, I describe is je dà ©cris and we will describe is nous dà ©crirons. Subject Present Future Imperfect je dà ©cris dà ©crirai dà ©crivais tu dà ©cris dà ©criras dà ©crivais il dà ©cris dà ©crira dà ©crivait nous dà ©crivons dà ©crirons dà ©crivions vous dà ©crivez dà ©crirez dà ©criviez ils dà ©crivent dà ©criront dà ©crivaient The Present Participle of  Dà ©crire When you add -ant  to the verb stem of  dà ©crire, you form the  present participle  dà ©crivant. It is a verb, of course, yet youll also find it used as an adjective, gerund, or noun at times. The Past Participle and Passà © Composà © The  past participle  of  dà ©crire  is  dà ©crit.  Its used in the construction of the  passà © composà ©Ã‚  for the past tense of described. To use it, you must also conjugate the  auxiliary verb  avoir. The passà © composà © comes together quickly once you know these rules. As an example, I described is jai dà ©crit and we described is nous avons dà ©crit. More Simple Dà ©crire  Conjugations Among the other simple verb conjugations of  dà ©crire  that you should know are the subjunctive and conditional. Each implies some degree of uncertainty or dependency in the act of deciding. In literature, youll come across either the passà © simple or imperfect subjunctive forms. While you may not use them yourself, recognizing them as a form of  dà ©crire  will help with comprehension. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Passà © Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je dà ©crive dà ©crirais dà ©crivis dà ©crivisse tu dà ©crives dà ©crirais dà ©crivis dà ©crivisses il dà ©crive dà ©crirait dà ©crivit dà ©crivà ®t nous dà ©crivions dà ©cririons dà ©crivà ®mes dà ©crivissions vous dà ©criviez dà ©cririez dà ©crivà ®tes dà ©crivissiez ils dà ©crivent dà ©criraient dà ©crivirent dà ©crivissent In short, assertive commands and requests, the imperative verb form is used. When using this, keep the sentence short and skip the subject pronoun: dà ©cris rather than tu dà ©cris. Imperative (tu) dà ©cris (nous) dà ©crivons (vous) dà ©crivez

The Ethics Of The State Of Utah - 1229 Words

In the state of Utah, statistically one in three women will be sexually assaulted in her lifetime, and one in eight will be raped. (Morgan, E. 2014). Campuses nationwide, and specifically the state of Utah, are feeling the weight of this issue impact the campus environment. In the past, the honor code system at Brigham Young University interfered with the legal process, â€Å"revictimized† victims of rape and sexual assault, and most importantly, sent a message to the student body that they should not report sexual assault (Brown, 2016, p. 8). With the creation of an amnesty clause, BYU is setting a standard for universities nationwide and an example of how students can advocate change for school policies. BYU’s amnesty clause shows the students that their safety is important, that they will do what it takes to keep a campus safe, and that sexual violence will not be tolerated. The Amnesty Clause to the Honor Code shows students that their safety while attending school is of great importance to the administration. This clause was introduced this past October, after five months of discussion by the Advisory Council on Campus Response to Sexual Assault as to how they should adapt the Honor Code for victims of sexual violence. They pushed for 23 recommendations, which were all passed, with five recommendations that were implemented immediately. (Walch, 2016). The beginning statement of the amnesty clause states, At BYU, being a victim of sexual misconduct is never a violation ofShow MoreRelatedRacial Tensions By Dennis Prager922 Words   |  4 Pages Oftentimes conflicts are only considered to be only an international difference in opinions, however, conflict can be present as a national issue. In the United States of America, although considered a relatively peaceful country, experiences national conflicts regularly. 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Advantages Using Social Networks Business †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Using Social Networks In Business? Answer: Introduction Social media is an important idea for getting an effective change in communication of any organization whether business-to-business, customer-to-customer or business-to-customer. The aim of this report is analyzing the impacts of application of social media in the business. As social media has enabled a person to talk many other persons around the world. It provides possibilities to present a product in various communities around the world. It also consist various functions which allow customers to tag, blog, dig etc. Various platforms in social media are Facebook, Google plus, Twitter, LinkedIn etc. These platforms are very helpful in providing information regarding the products and services to customers regarding any kind of business. It is found that around 70% of social media users are engaged in marketing of their products on social media. Due to lack of control and ease way of getting information cybercrimes is increasing continuously (Hill Moran, 2011). Literature review: social media marketing Now days social media marketing is continuously increasing such that many businesses are able to target their market easily. Social media marketing can be understood as the use of social media in marketing of products and services by businesses. Social media has engaged in mass marketing and mass communication by encouraging the customers to spread the message worldwide. Many new tools are developed in social media now days. Social media is very effective for the marketers as by using various social media tools, they are able to connect many customers for the business profit (Gurau, 2008). It is well known that there are many social media sites with the innovative forms and features. According to Gordhamer (2009), social media marketing is very effective for relationship marketing by which many companies try to maintain significant relationship with the potential customers in the market. In fact, social media marketing has various face of marketing which relationship marketing is imp ortant to build and maintain the relationship with the customers in the market. Relationship marketing is crucial for the companies to improve the customers loyalty for the specific product or service. Jan Khan (2014) stated that social media is essential and innovative tool for the companies to develop strong relationship with the potential customers on the virtual networks. With the social media networks, it is very easy to manage public relations because larger numbers of the customers are active on the social media sites. In current time, customers have more power to judge the product or service so; company should be available on the social media sites such as FaceBook, Twitter, Blogs and Forums every time. By the social media platforms, companies get various opportunities to attract the customers in the market. Palmer and Lewis (2009) stated that there are many social media channels facing challenges and issues in current time and companies are facing issues in the profit levels. So, companies are using traditional methods along with the social media platforms to improve the brand value and marketing activities. In the complex economic environment, companies always focus on the promotion and advertising budget and have shifted towards online promotional activities and budget. Forrester research study (2011) argued that companies are focusing on the on the online advertisements based on the needs and requirements of the buyers and end users. The consumers and buyers on the social media are more tech savvy and enthusiasts in present time. It can be seen that there are many social media sites available for the organizations to stay connected with the consumers (Hafele, 2011). The popular sites of social media used by the people are YouTube, Twitter, Face Book, LinkedIn etc. These listed social media platforms are commonly used by the various organizations to develop brand awareness and to engage the consumers with the specific products and services. Thus, it is understood that social media marketing is beneficial for the companies in establishing the strong relationship on the professional level. Social media marketing include both advantage as well as disadvantage for the business enterprises. Types of social media In the social media platforms, Facebook is considered as the first stop for the companies to make the presence among the customers. FaceBook has vast network including flexibility and simplicity to use and these features make it good for the businesses. Further, Google Plus is also popular social media platform and provides unique business i.e. business present with the Google Plus enjoys the increased ranking in terms of Google search. The result is that Google works to with the network to improve the brand awareness among the customers. Next, platform is Twitter which can be used as the useful platform for the organizations as it provides steady flow of news flashes and links to share with the followers. If the company wants to share image or short video content, for those another platform is Instagram that enables the companies to attract huge audience of users. Along with this, there are many other platforms which offer marketing opportunities for the right type of business. Pint erest is continuously growing and female user social media platform and LinkedIn is popular among the freelancers to find out the clients. Advantages According to theWatson (2002), due to increase in popularity of global marketing, many businesses have started endorsing their products and services on social media. Many social network sites like Facebook and Twitter has changed the process of advertising and promotion. Instead of websitessome businesses are able to attract customers by social media pages. There are relatively some examples of using social media in business. The main benefit of using social media is that it reduces the cost of the business. The cost used in other marketing tools like distributers, middlemen or sales person is high in comparison to cost incurred on using social media. Also, social media enables the companies to contact with its customers which are not possible in other distribution channels. By providing advantage in two areas for the customers, many social media platforms reduce costs and increase the access of customers (Watson et al, 2002). Social media platforms are useful for the businesses as they provides effective ways of marketing to broaden their exposure in the market with the lower cost as compared to traditional marketing. By establishing the presence on the commonly used platforms such as Twitter and FaceBook which are helpful to target new customers and improving the brand image among the customers. Along with this, social media provides two-way communication which is helpful in improving the customer services and enables the business to achieve new information about the customers in the operating market (Barefoot Szabo, 2010). Firstly, without any hindrance the companies are able to provide information regarding goods and services to its customers. Beside this, customers can easily understand the available information. For example, scheduling and reservation system in airlines is complex to generate and sustain in terms of individual needs. In such case, social media or web based concept is very useful to maintain customers loyalty as preferences of customers are quite large. Secondly, by using social media companies are able to modify its information to communicate with customers. This information allows the customers to meet their needs (Weinberg, 2009). Social media provide opportunities to the companies to do transactions which require human contact. Five advantages of using social media in business are: Interactivity: Because of using social media, customers are becoming more active in shopping their behavior now days. Interactivity is one of the main factors in new media technologies which provide better quality of information with the control over the content of social media (Liu, Yuping Shrum, 2002). Interactivity can be considered as consumer oriented information with messages, machines which focus on practical features of social networking process. The reason of involvement and positive attitude of customer towards any brand is increasing level of inactivity (Xiang Gretzel, 2010). Cost-related: The main benefit of social media is minimization of costs. Majorities of social media sites can easily be accessed and is free to post any kind of information. Businesses can run easily with a limited budget using social media campaigns. With little cash investment it provides the advantage of targeting large number of customers Social interaction: This is one of the most important phenomena in social media to extend and create new forms of social interaction. Now days people spend a lot of time on social media communications. Social networking sites are very popular among the customers as like destinations. A study reveals that the information which is available on social networking sites have put direct impact on purchasing power of the customers (Arthur et al, 2006). Customer service: It is very important factor for social media marketing. Every company should have well designed customer service system. There are many links available on online like frequently asked questions (FAQs) that are very useful for buying process in customer decision making. Companies which are using Logistics system provide guarantees for fast delivery after checkout process which helps in increasing customers satisfaction. This system allows many different ways to deliver the products (Tanuri, 2010). Further, the order fulfillment and delivery system are critical to e-loyalty development. For the fast delivery, there is the need of proper logistics system which contributes in the customer satisfaction and loyal behavior towards the product. There are some customers who prefer the product delivery by the parcel services like FedEx and UPS. Some like to pick the products in the physical store. So, to minimize the insecurity of the product delivery, the social media marketers offer the brands that are well-known, good product quality and guarantees. Targeted market: Social media helps in attracting various people and helps in building strong customers base. Social media also provide the mouth world which helps in promoting much beyond advertisement. In some segments of customers, traditional methods of marketing are not helpful. Thus social media helps there in marketing of products. For example-if a person is interested in music of any specific country, and he likes it on social media then these sites will show ads related to that countrys music performance and performers. Increased brand loyalty: To improve the brand loyalty among the customers, social media is very effective tool for the companies. A study conducted by The Social Habit reveals that there are 53% of Americans who follow the brands on social media and they are more likely to remain loyal for those brands. In current time, social media is now more than a sales pitch. Social media platform provides two-way communication methods that are helpful for the companies to build strong relationship with the existing and new customers. The social media makes the companies more confident in the decision making process. Along with this, social media is helpful in encouraging the customers to select the brand in future (Weiss, Lurie Macinnis, 2008). Disadvantages Although social media is the powerful marketing tool but it is not risk free. Followers on the social media are free to post their views and comments on these platforms but there is the risk of negative publicity by the consumers. A quick response by the company can minimize the possibilities of risk but it cannot be erased properly. Along with this, there is another threat of social media i.e. Hackers. The hackers can take over the website page of the company or they share wrong information that can quickly go viral. Even every large and famous company has to face the threat of hacking so, it is important for the small businesses to take safety precautions while creating and sharing the password information with the employees.Yet social media generate many opportunities for business but there are many challenges in social media. The main disadvantages of social media marketing are as follows- Trademark issue: There can be issues related to trademark or copyright in using social media. For a company, the brand and other property are valuable for the products and services which they are offering. Business men should regularly check their trademarks and copyrights to avoid misuse of intellectual property. Trademarks and copyrights are important factors but it can also be ruined by the abuse of businesss trademark (Teinman Hawkins, 2010). Privacy issue: In social media marketing of businesses, there can be issues related to security, trust and privacy. So it is very important for the company to have knowledge about these issues. To reduce uncertainty about brand trust, the company should be loyal about their products as customer can not touch, feel the products in online marketing. The perceptions about internet like internet is unreliable, unsafe issues also create disadvantages for social media (Ray et al, 2011). Negative feedback: Regarding products and service, consumers are now free to give their feedbacks whether positive or negative which creates pressure on the companies. Customers views greatly impact the business process of a company in the market and negative feedbacks also spoil the brand of the company in the market. Companies cannot ignore their negative feedbacks. Discussion According to Gurau (2008), the online marketing environment provides various opportunities as well as challenges for the marketers. The customers are becoming more proactive but the companies have more opportunities to target more and more customers in the market. The social media allows the companies to gather, register, analyze and utilize the customers data for better targeting audiences. The cost-related features, interactivity, social interactions, customer service and target market opportunities are the features for the companies to get success in the social media marketing (Kaplan Haenlein, 2010). On the other hand, down side of the social media include time intensive, trust, privacy and security issue, trademark and copyright issue, negative feedback from the customers and user-generated content (UGC) and these are the major barriers facing by the social media marketers. So, it is recommended that the message communicated online should include core corporate values, online s trategy and tactics of the organization. The selection of the proper communication mix should be done by the company for the effective social media marketing (Sheth Sharma, 2005). Conclusion As the key part of communication, social media is an important tool which can be found anywhere and should be measured by marketers, advertisers and content creators. Now days customers are getting new place in social media. Social media tools are very popular in uploading the videos and pictures of the products. Based on above report, it is seen that there are both advantages and disadvantages in using social media in marketing of products by the companies. Various organizations are still doing research to get a correct method of using social media. Many marketers are still not aware of the challenges and risks associated with social media marketing. So, before opting for social media in business, business men should do complete study on it. A company must know the values and plans of using social media in marketing of its product and services. To satisfy the requirements of its customers, companies should be loyal and should provide good quality products.; References Arthur, D., Sherman, C., Appel, D. Moore, L. (2006). Why young consumers adopt interactive technologies: Young Consumers. 7(3). pp. 3538 Barefoot, D., Szabo, J., (2010). Friends with benefits: A social media-marketing handbook. San Francisco: No Starch Press Gurau, C., (2008). Integrated online marketing communication: implementation and management: Journal of Communication Management. 12(2). pp. 169-184 Hafele, N., (2011). Social Media Marketing: Interaction, Trends Analytics. ICT 511 Fall. 51 (3): 1-6 Hill, P.R., Moran, N. (2011). Social marketing meets interactive media: lesson for Advertising Company: International Journal of Advertising. 30(5), pp. 815838 https://agroovyweb.com/2010/03/11/university-of-chicago-and-my-literature- review-role-of-social-media-in-contemporary-marketing/ Kaplan, A. M., Haenlein, M., (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of social media: Business Horizons. 53:5968 Liu, Yuping Shrum, L.J., (2002). What Is Interactivity and Is It Always Such a Good Thing? Implications of Definition, Person, and Situation for the Influence of Interactivity on Advertising Effectiveness: Journal of Advertising. 31 (4). 53- 66 Ray, A., Riley, E., Elliot, N., Corcoran, S., Greene, M., Parrish, M., O'Connell, J., Wise, J. (2011). Now social media marketing gets tough: saturation, stagnation, and privacy concerns challenge social media marketers. risks can go viral: Intellectual Property Technology Law Journal. 22(8). pp. 1-9 Sheth, J.N., Sharma, A. (2005). International e-marketing: opportunities and issues: International Marketing Review. 22(6). pp. 611-622 Tanuri, I., (2010). A literature review: Role of social media in contemporary marketing, Retrieved on 13th August 2017 from https://agroovyweb.com/2010/03/11/university-of-chicago-and-my-literature- review-role-of-social-media-in-contemporary-marketing/ Teinman, M.L., Hawkins, M. (2010). When marketing through social media, legal valuable, how valuable are they, and why: Journal of Marketing Research. 45(4). pp. 425436 Watson, R.P., Leyland, F.P., Berthon, P. Zinkham, G., (2002). U-commerce: expanding the universe of marketing: Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. 30(4). pp. 333-47 Weinberg, T., (2009). The new community rules: Marketing on the social Web. Sebastopol, CA: O?Reilly Media Inc Weiss, A.M., Lurie, N.H. Macinnis, D. J., (2008). Listening to strangers: whose responses are valuable, how valuable are they, and why: Journal of Marketing Research, 45(4), pp. 425436 Xiang, Z., Gretzel, U., (2010). Role of social media in online travel information search: Tourism Management. 31:179188

Pythagoras Theories

Introduction Pythagoras holds the distinction of holding three titles in modern thought. People consider him a mathematician, a philosopher, and a mystic. What is interesting about him is that it is difficult to put dates and places around him, despite the fact that he was one of the greatest mathematicians that ever lived.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Pythagoras Theories specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He did not believe in writing down his discoveries, and those that he wrote did not survive. His was an oral approach to learning. Pythagoras studied under some of the most influential teachers of his time, and travelled the continents, thereby amassing knowledge from all parts of the world. By the time he established a school, he was indeed, a very learned man. The mystery in Pythagoras, especially for a modern day audience is the way he found a way to connect religion and mysticism, with the facts o f science and mathematics. It is almost impossible to maintain a consistent reputation as a mystic and as a mathematician in today’s professional environment. The goal of this paper is to examine the life of Pythagoras to uncover some of the important issues that his work brought about. Brief History of Pythagoras Pythagoras was born in Samos, hence the title, Pythagoras the Samian. It is almost impossible to pin down the exact year of his birth with different accounts giving various dates covering almost a quarter of a century in the early years of the fifth century BC. His father’s name was Mnersarchus, however there are claims that he was the son of the Greek god Apollo. His family was moderately wealthy hence; they could afford an education for him. His first teacher was Pherecydes, who died when Pythagoras was eighteen. After pherecydes died, Pythagoras moved to the island of Lesbos to further his education under the teacher Anaximander. Anaximander was a philosop her and an astronomer. Later on, he studied under Thales, a well-known mathematician and philosopher. Pythagoras travelled to Sidon, where he learnt about the mysteries of Tyre and Biblos, before going to Egypt under the teacher Thales where he spent twenty-two years. While there, he perfected his understanding of astronomy, mathematics, and philosophy. Pythagoras ended up in Babylon after the Cambyses captured Egypt. While there, he studied with the Magi, and learnt about the Chaldean mysteries. After his Babylonian Stint, Pythagoras went through Persia into India, from where he left as a teacher after staying there for more than a decade. From India, Pythagoras travelled back to Europe and settled in Crotona. He then moved to his home town of Samos and established a school. It was while in this school that he came up with some of his most enduring teachings.Advertising Looking for research paper on math statistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Pythagoreans Pythagoras established a religious order called the Pythagoreans. In this order, numbers were sacred and their basic belief was that everything in the universe had a mathematical relationship (Mandell 4). In this sense, they believed that mathematics was the absolute reality. While this society became very influential in the area of mathematics, it remained secretive and did not publish its important findings. This is the main reason why there are no records in existence of the works of Pythagoras. The society had its own social norms. The most prominent of these was that it did not advocate for the consumption of animal-based food. This came about because of their belief in reincarnation. While it was a very secretive group, they were unusually accommodative of women as compared to the general rules that governed social relations at the time. A woman in the group had the same rights and social position as a man. There are claims that the gro up practiced celibacy among its top leaders. However, Pythagoras himself married and had children, who ran the school after his death. This type of secretive group seems to have inspired the foundation of the freemason movement, and in addition, it seems to have inspired the development of Plato’s republic. The Pythagorean order lasted for about one century after its founding and later on disappeared all together. At some point, due to political issues, the buildings of the school were lost to arsonists, with the claim that Pythagoras died in that fire. This is not the only claim to Pythagoras death. Religious Beliefs The Pythagoreans believed in reincarnation. This influenced their decision to avoid eating animal products. It is difficult to miss the correlation between this belief and Hinduism. Since Pythagoras spent a lot of time in India, it is possible that he built this belief while in that environment. In one of the later writings about Pythagoras, he believed that he was in his fourth reincarnation as a human being (Klauber 7). Originally, he was the son of Apollo, the Greek god. The Pythagoreans believed that the soul was eternal and that it moved from one living thing to another upon death. In this sense, it was possible to reincarnate as an animal. This belief in animals possessing a soul formed the basis of their vegetarian lifestyle. There was an incident where Pythagoras claimed he identified the barking of a dog as the pleas of a former friend of his. Pythagoras Theorem The best-known theory in mathematics named after Pythagoras is the Pythagoras Theorem. This theorem claims that there is a fixed ratio for all right-angled triangles defined by the formula, a2+b2=c2. In this case, â€Å"a† and â€Å"b† are the length and the width of a triangle, which meet at a right angle, while â€Å"c† is the hypotenuse of the triangle. This theorem was in use by the Egyptians many centuries before hence its discovery cannot have be en by Pythagoras.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Pythagoras Theories specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, it appears that the Pythagoreans were the first to prove it. It is not easy to tell whether it was Pythagoras’ work or whether it was the work of one of his students. It was customary at that time to credit the discovery of students to their teachers. This case also points further to the fact that Pythagoras benefitted a lot from the knowledge of the civilizations that he went to study. Other mathematical relationships credited to the Pythagoreans include the fact that the first four numbers add up to ten. This relationship held special significance to this sect. In fact, they made a triangle based on it. The triangle held a central place in worship and they even took oaths in its name. The triangle, known as a Tetractys or Pythagorean triangle is also the mystic triad. One of its moder n appearances is in the Bishop’s coat of arms. There are Jewish Tetractys too, which incorporate the four letter of the Tetragrammaton that is the four letters of the name of Yahweh, in scriptures. Other findings articulated by or credited to the Pythagoreans include the grouping of number into perfect numbers, odd numbers, and even umbers. Perfect numbers, according to the Pythagoreans, were those whose multiples added up to the number itself. The first perfect number is six. The multiples of six are one, two, and three. The sum of these multiples is six. Between one and ten thousand, there are four perfect numbers, six, twenty-eight, four hundred and ninety six, and the last one is eight thousand, one hundred and twenty eight. Philosophy While Pythagoras did a lot of work in mathematics, his influence seems greater in the area of philosophy. He had as many admirers as there were critics, with some agreeing with certain things and disagreeing with others. His work influenced later thinkers such as Plato. Plato’s republic seemed to borrow many ideas from the Pythagorean organization as a model of how a society should work. Plato is one of the most influential philosophers; hence, by following the work of Pythagoras, it means that Pythagoras is the most influential philosopher of all time. Astronomy In the area of astronomy, there are significant contributions that the Pythagoreans made to the field. They seem to have been among the earliest scholars to discover that the world was actually round. This came about after observing the shadow of the earth on the moon during an eclipse. The basic belief that there was a mathematical relationship between everything in the universe made the Pythagoreans postulate that the planets revolved following a particular cyclic pattern.Advertising Looking for research paper on math statistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More While they did not provide final proof of this, they laid the foundation for later thinkers and astronomers to develop the modern concepts we now carry because of their work. Pythagoras is also responsible for observing that Venus in the morning is the same as Venus in the evening. Earlier, people thought that the two were distinct stars. Music Pythagoras also had profound influence in the world of music. He related the sounds of three hammers pounding on an anvil in a blacksmiths shop to a mathematical pattern. Upon further investigation, he came up with musical notes based on a ratio of two to one. This work made it possible to develop some later day instruments and was especially useful in the renaissance period. Important Observations about the Life of Pythagoras The life of Pythagoras was an exceptional one. He had the rare opportunity of travelling and spending considerable time with some of the most influential thinkers of all time. He learnt the ways and the views of many so cieties, in Europe, Africa, and Asia. This gave him an overwhelming advantage over any other scholar in that day and time. From his life, it is clear that the things one experiences and the teachers one sits under have a way of shaping the direction of professional living that a person settles for. Pythagoras acumen in mathematics and the sciences came about because he participated as a student of the best mathematicians of his time. His religious beliefs, especially his belief in reincarnation must have been the result of his interaction with the Hindu faith in India. His idea that everything in the universe had a relationship betrays a Buddhist experience. The use of the elements of fire, earth, water, and wind as symbols of philosophy further proves this claim. There are some important indicators that he was an independent thinker (Johns 42). The two important ones were his independent observations about the shape of the earth, and the place of women among the Pythagoreans. At th at time, it was universal knowledge that the earth was flat hence there was no basis for thinking that it had any other shape. The fact that the Pythagoreans entertained the thought means that Pythagoras was not satisfied with the things he knew. He sought to advance his knowledge. This also shows in the development of new views regarding mathematics and the interesting associations among numbers made bare by the Pythagoreans. His views on women stand out because of the practice at the time that gave women second-class status. While the Greek society generally had more space for women compared to other cultures, it was still a very paternal society. It is not clear where Pythagoras got the idea that he could develop a society where women enjoyed similar status to men. This in itself is very remarkable. However, he still had categories of students, with some enjoying greater privileges than other, remotely similar to the Hindu caste system. The difference though is that a student cou ld grow from one stage to another. Conclusion There is nothing much today to show for the primary work of Pythagoras. In modern day science and mathematics, he could have fit within the ranks of professors, however, in his time; it seems he was more influential as a religious leader, a sage, or an ancient wise man. His beliefs, especially about reincarnation would require private observance if he lived today. However, his work in mathematics and philosophy would find a place in many institutions of higher learning. Works Cited Johns, Christopher. Becoming a Reflective Practione, Oxford: Blackwell-Wiley, 2009.Print. Klauber, Martin I. â€Å"Continuity and Discontinuity in Post-Reformation Reformed Theology: An Evaluation of the Muller Thesis.† Journal of Evangelical Theological Society 33.4 (1990): 467-475.Print. Mandell, Deena. â€Å"Use of Self: Contexts and Dimensions.† Mandell, Deena. Towards a Use of Self as Respectful Relations of Recognition, Toronto: Canadian Sc holar’s Press, 2007. 1-20.Print. This research paper on Pythagoras Theories was written and submitted by user JackP0wer to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.